Q1. What is the passage mainly about?

1. AWhy it rains a lot in some countries
2. BWord pairs that naturally go together in English
3. CHow to translate Japanese
4. DWhy advanced learners are rare

heavy rain のような、自然に一緒に使われる語の組み合わせ（コロケーション）の話なので B。

Q2. How many times did students meet a pair to remember it much better?

1. A1 time
2. B5 times
3. C15 times
4. D30 times

Students who met a pair 15 times remembered it much better. とあるので C。

Q3. In this passage, "translate directly" means to ...

1. Achange words from one language into another word by word
2. Bspeak very slowly
3. Cread aloud
4. Dwrite in pencil

母語の組み合わせを1語ずつそのまま英語に置き換えること（直訳）なので A。「強い雨」→ strong rain がその例。

Q1. According to Nesselhauf, where did many collocation errors come from?

1. ASpelling mistakes
2. BToo much reading
3. CPoor handwriting
4. DThe learners' first language

found that many errors came from their first language とあるので D。

Q2. How much writing was analyzed in the 2011 study?

1. AAbout 300,000 words
2. BAbout 3,000 words
3. CAbout 15 essays
4. DAbout 30 pages

A 2011 study of about 300,000 words とあるので A。

Q3. What does the 2013 study suggest?

1. ACollocations can only be learned by memorizing lists.
2. BReading has no effect on learning collocations.
3. CMeeting a collocation many times in context helps learners remember it.
4. DListening alone is better than reading.

読みながら聞く中で15回出会った学生がよく覚えたことから、文脈の中で何度も出会うことが効果的とわかるので C。

Q1. What did the 2011 corpus study find?

1. ALearners used more collocations than native speakers.
2. BErrors caused by the first language disappeared at advanced levels.
3. CLearners used far fewer collocations, and errors caused by the first language persisted.
4. DHebrew-speaking learners made no errors.

learners used far fewer collocations than native speakers と errors caused by the first language persisted の両方を含む C が正解。B は persisted と矛盾。

Q2. According to the passage, why might learners lag behind native speakers in collocations?

1. AAdults cannot remember word combinations.
2. BThey receive much less input.
3. CNative speakers do not use collocations.
4. DGrammar rules do not allow collocations.

the gap with native speakers probably reflects limited input rather than a different way of learning とあるので B。A は they retain information about which words occurred together と矛盾。

Q3. What limitation of the 2013 study does the author point out?

1. AIt used too many collocations.
2. BIt tested only native speakers.
3. CIt was conducted in Germany.
4. DIt used reading while listening, so results may differ for reading or listening alone.

Because the students read and listened at once, the counts may not apply to reading or listening alone. とあるので D。